What is the most common type of cataract?

Nuclear sclerotic cataract is the most common type of cataract, typically associated with the aging process. This type of cataract involves opacification of the nucleus of the lens, which occurs as the lens fibers become denser and less transparent over time. The development of nuclear sclerotic cataract is a gradual process, leading to increasing difficulty in seeing clearly, especially in low-light conditions or while reading.

The prevalence of nuclear sclerotic cataracts in older adults correlates with the age-related changes in the lens, making it a widespread condition. Conversely, although posterior subcapsular cataracts and cortical cataracts are also common, they occur less frequently compared to nuclear sclerotic cataracts in the general population. Congenital cataracts, while important, are significantly less common overall and typically arise from genetic factors or maternal conditions.

Recognizing the types of cataracts is critical for understanding the progression of cataract formation and guiding appropriate clinical management.