American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) Practice Exam

A refractive error treatment typically involves various options such as glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery, making the comprehensive approach represented by this answer the most appropriate. Glasses and contact lenses are traditional and common methods that correct vision by altering the focal point of light entering the eye. These methods provide an immediate and non-invasive solution for refractive errors, such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

In addition to spectacles and contact lenses, refractive surgery offers a more permanent correction for these errors by reshaping the cornea, allowing for better light focusing on the retina. Procedures such as LASIK, PRK, or other laser-assisted techniques can reduce or eliminate the dependence on glasses or contact lenses for many individuals.

The other options reflect limited aspects of treatment. For instance, suggesting only glasses or contact lenses overlooks the surgical options that could be appropriate for some patients. Similarly, advocating solely for refractive surgery disregards non-invasive alternatives that many opt for initially, based on their lifestyle or preferences. Lastly, the notion of only eye exercises is not supported by clinical evidence as a standalone treatment for refractive errors; while certain exercises may improve visual function or comfort, they do not correct refractive errors in the traditional sense.